What is Multi-factor Authentication?
Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) is the verification of a user’s identity with multiple
credentials for improved security. MFA is a prevalent method to neutralize risks
associated with passwords by adding a second, dissimilar factor to password-based
login. Everyone these days are familiar with two-factor, or two-step, authentication
which is a subcategory of MFA.
While an MFA solution does not have to include a password, it must include at least
two bits of evidence that you are who you claim to be. Similarly, these factors must
come from at least two of the three categories of accepted credentials.
Authentication factors fall into three buckets:
- Knowledge: Something the user knows, like a password or the answer to a secret question.
- Possession: Something the user has, like a mobile phone or laptop, identified using digital certificates.
- Inherence: Something the user is, such as biometrics. Commonly used biometrics include the face, voice, and behavioral patterns such as a user’s keystroke.
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